Any organism whose genetic material has
been modified using genetic engineering technique in laboratory is referred as
genetically modified organism (GMO). Genetic modification of genetic material
is practiced for production of specific biological product or for expression of
specific physiological traits in an organism. Genetically modified organisms
are produced using reproductive cloning and recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid
(DNA) technology. Transfer of entire donor nucleus into enucleated cytoplasm of
host egg result in an offspring which is identical to its parent. Reproductive
cloning generates offspring. While on the other hand, recombinant
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) technology involves insertion of multiple genes
from an individual of one species into deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of another
species. The first animal produced using reproductive cloning technique was a
sheep named Dolly in 1996. Since then, many animals such as pigs, dogs and
horses, have been generated using reproductive cloning technique.
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Genetically modified organisms market
involves ethical issues and thus, the market is highly regulated in majority of
the countries globally. For instance, labeling of genetically modified food has
become a topic of controversy in the U.S. in recent times. In addition, high
risk of genetic pollution is another issue surrounding genetically modified
food. Thus, ethical issues involved in the production are primarily restraining
the growth of global genetically modified organisms market.
Geographically, the global genetically modified organisms
(GMO) market has been segmented into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific and
Rest of the World (RoW). North America comprises genetically modified organisms
(GMO) market for the U.S and Canada. Europe comprises cumulative market of
genetically modified organisms (GMO) in Germany, Italy, France, Spain, and Rest
of Europe (RoE). Asia Pacific comprises cumulative market of genetically
modified organisms (GMO) in China, India, Australia, New Zealand and rest of Asia
Pacific (RoAPAC). Rest of the World (RoW) comprises genetically
modified organisms (GMO) market in Latin America, Middle East and Russia.
Presently, North America and Europe dominates the global genetically modified
organisms market. Factors such as highly developed research infrastructure,
well defined regulatory framework, availability of skilled scientists and
exceptionally developed biotechnology sector are driving the growth of the
genetically modified organisms (GMO) market in North America and Europe. Asia
Pacific genetically modified organism (GMO) market is anticipated to grow at
the highest CAGR during the forecast period from 2014 to 2020. Governments of
countries such as India and China are investing heavily on biotechnology sector
to boost the biotechnology industry in respective countries. In addition, India
and China account for the largest population pool in the world leading to
increase food in consumption needs. Rising food consumption is anticipated to
drive the demand for genetically modified organism market in these countries.
Ministry of Agriculture regulates the genetically modified organisms (GMO)
market in China. Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, and South Africa, are some of the
countries in the rest of the world (RoW) region that are expected to show
higher growth in the near future.
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